Method of making paper



March 10, 1942. G. T. LANE ETI- \L 2,275,776

METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Original Filed May 8, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 1/ III 1 I N VEN TQRS.

ATTORNEY..

Patented Mar. 10, 1942 METHOD OF 'r G raraa Gerould T. Lane and Wendell Butterfleld, Rochester, N. Y., asslgnors to Eastman Kodak Company a corporation of New Jersey Original application May 18, 1937, Serial No. 143,336. Divided and this application January 22, 1938, Serial No. 186,408

. 1 Claim.

This invention relates to' a method of makin paper and particularly to a method of forming paper in which the paper stufi is fed in such a manner that the resulting paper sheet is extremely uniform and free from undesirabl mottle or markings thereon.

One of the objects of our invention is to provide a method of making paper in which a plurality of relatively thin streams of stuff are successively fed towards a wire support and are laid on the wire successively, all of the streams moving at the same relative speed. Another object of our invention is to eliminate all traces of mottle in a paper sheet which is due to turbulence of the stuff-usually turbulence of the stuff in the vat circle. Another object of our invention is to feed a plurality of thin streams, each one of which is divided into a plurality of streams of less width than the makin wire, toward the making wire to eliminate turbulence in the stud before it reaches the wire. Other objects will appear from the following specification, the novel features being par ticularly pointed out in the claim at the 'end thereof.

This application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 143,336, filed May 18, 1937, and resulting in Patent 2,168,996, granted August 8, 1939.

Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters denote like parts throughout:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the wet end of a machine constructed in accordance with and embodying a preferred form of our invention. This view shows the parts in a simplified form for the sake of clearness.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. l, but with the cylinder removed to show the construction of the inner vat circles.

Fig. 3 isa fragmentary detail sectional view taken on line '33 of Fig. 1 with parts being shown in elevation.

.viding what we call a viscous flow of stufi around the making wire-and cylinder, and thus eliminatlng eddies or currents in the stufi which will tend to alter the relation of the fibers already laid on the making wire.

In our copending application above referred to, we show a preferred paper making machine which may be used to carry out the method described herein. With such a machine a vat circle may be divided up by a series of arcuate plates which are substantially concentrically arranged,

' streams into a series of narrow streams axially of the cylinder, as this also help produce the de- L sired viscous flow, although this division of the narrow streams is not absolutely essential.

In order to describe a preferred apparatus for carrying out our present method, the machine shown in our copending application'above referred to will be described. However, it is to be understood that this is by way of illustration only and it is quite possible to carry out our method with other types of apparatus.

In paper making machinesemploying 9. making wire passing about a cylinder in'which fibers are laid on the wire as it passes through the vat, it has been known that coarse grades of paper and.

Referrlng to Fig. 1, the wet end of the paper making machine may comprise a stuff chest I into which stu-flf may be introduced through an opening 2, thisstuil passing the valve 3 and passing about the partitions land 5 in the directions indicated by the arrows. After passing beneath partition 5, the stuff may Pass upwardly so as to fill the chamber 6, being prevented from leaking out at the pointwhere the deckle straps come in by means of a suitable packing I and being prevented from leaking out where the making wire 8 comes in by a controlled leak 9, which may be constructed in accordance with our Patent No. 2,046,271, granted June 30, 1936.

Thus, the stuff fills the chamber 6 and from I this chamber in the embodiment shown in'Fig'. 1,

, between the ends of the vat circle is less than the height H of the deckle straps II. The construction of the upper part I5 of the vat circle I2 is exactly the same as that shown in our copending application above referred to, and the end of this vat circle I6 is adjustable to and from the cylinder by the same mechanism-that is, a shaft I9 may be moved by means of a threaded connection 20, worm wheel 2I andworm 22 so as to swing the end of the vat circle I6 upon the pivot I8 to and from the making wire. This movement is permitted because of section 23 hinged at 24 to the section 25 which forms the overflow partition. At the end'of this partition there is an adjustable slice 26 movable by the screw 21 and the beveled gears 28 and 29 from a source-of power, such as a hand crank, not shown. I A pivot I8 connects shaft I9 to the end of vat circle I6.

Beyond the end It of the outer vat circle is an adjustable arcuate-shaped plate 30 which controls the horizontal flow of stuff out over the making wire 3 as it leaves the cylinder. This plate, as fully described in our application above referred to, carries an upstanding flange 3| and may be adjusted by means of the screws 3.2 and 33 which are operated by suitable gears so that the relation of this plate to the making wire and the relation of this plate to the end I6 of the outer vat circle can be adjusted. This varies the outlet slot 34 as fully described in our copending application.

Since the inner vat circle I0 is a comparatively It is also pointed out that the vat circles I0 and are both stream-lined in eifect, because the plates forming the vat circles terminate in rounded rods H and 42 which extend between the side walls 43 and ofthe vat, and preferably into the positioning plates 45 and 46. Thus, there is no sharp edge facing the flow of stuff, and the stuff is divided into a series of shallow confined streams, each of which is preferably divided into a number of streams axially with respect to the cylinder.

Since the deckle straps II pass into the vat circles, provision must be made for these deckle straps to pass through the inner, intermediate and'outer vat circles. From Fig. 2 it will be noted that edge portions 41 of the inner vat circle III are cut away to provide a space through which the deckle straps may pass. Similarly, edgeportions 48 of the vat circle I I are cut away to provide a space for the deckles I'I, fragments of which are shown in Fig. 2 to indicate their re,- lation to the walls 43 and 44 of the vat and to the vat circles II and I2. Smaller portions 49 of each edge of the vat circle II are cut away, the reason for this being that it is desirable to have portions of this vat circle so arranged that when the machine is being cleaned out, the wash water can pass downwardly, through the openings 49 and out through the pipes 50, the valves of which 5I are opened for the washing operation.

While we have shown in a preferred embodiment of our invention illustrated in the drawings, a vat circle which divides the streamof stuff into three thin layers, it is obvious that more or less of these divided partitions may be found useful in accordance with the size of the machine, the velocity of the stuff and the type of paper which is to be made. We ha"e. found,

"however, that with the construction shown, a

thin plate which must be properly supported,

and since it is also desirable to divide the narrow stream passing between this plate and the mak ing wire into a series of streams axially of the cylinder of less width than the width of the making wire, it is desirable to mount the plate I II on partitions 35 which are arcua'tely-shaped and which, as shown in Fig. 2, are preferably stream-lined. As indicated in Fig. 2, the ends 38 of the plates 35 are rounded and taper down to the thickness of the. plates 35, the opposite ends 31 terminating in a relatively sharp end. The reason for this is that if-a sharp edge is presented toward theflow of stuff; the fibers will catch and ball up, and when these balls are released, they move into contact with the making wire and form undesirable spots or markings in the paper. However, when the partitions are stream-lined, as indicated in Fig. 2, this difllculty is eliminated and fibers appear to pass :R'lioothly around the bulbous ends of the parons.

viscous flow of stuff can be maintained in a i00- inch machine in an entirely satisfactory manner.

invention, and that such alterations as the number and width of the individual streams fed toward the making wire can be altered as desired, to fit the needs of the particular machine being designed.

'Our method of feeding thin confined streams of stuff successively to a making wire at subing the fibers show "adirectional effect. That is,

we have found that where the stuff is adequately prepared and the fibers flow toward the making wire at the same speed as the making wire, the direction of-the fibers will not change if eddies are successfully eliminated. Thus, the fibers We have likewise found it advisable to provide similar arcuate-shaped plates 33, spacing the intermediate vat circle I I from the outer vat circle I2 just as the inner vat circle. III is spaced from the intermediate vat circle II. The partition plates 38 are also substantially arcuate shaped and have bulbous ends 39 at the lead-in end for the stuff and have tapered ends 40 atthe outgoing end. The tapered ends 40 are preferably in the form of separators, as shown in Fig. 3, and may be used as spacers to retain the intermediate vat circle II in the proper position.

may be oriented in any direction, and they will retain their positions as long as the flow of the streams are kept sufficiently viscous.

The operation of our machine is simple in that the stuff flows in through the inlet 2 after hav- 'ing' been adequately prepared and mixed,.and

the stuil' fills the chamber 6 from which, in the present embodiment of our invention, three streams are directed through the adjacent curved paths aboutthe cylinder and making wire by means of the inner vat circle, the intermediate vat circle and-the outer vat circle.

All of the stream passing between the inner the lead-in ends of It is to be understood, however, that thev present embodiment is illustrative only' of our.

pended in the white water.

vat circle and the making wire is in contact with the making wire. and white water passes through the making wire into the interior of the drumfrom which it will be drained by pipes 58 in the proaches the making wire, a second stream will be merged with the first stream, this stream passing between vat circles in and H. These streams merge in such a manner that a perfectly even flow is carried to the mahng wire. As one stream after another is brought into contact with the making wire, it will be seen that since these streams are moving at the same speed, no

eddies or currents are set up which will vary the relative location of the various fibers sus- Consequently, as the white water is drained through the making wire and cylinder, aneven deposit of fibers is laidon the wire.

As in our application above referred to and as in our Patent No. 2,046,270, we prefer to flow out a horizontal layer of stuff over the wire as it leaves the cylinder, as this effectually prevents wash-ofi lines which would otherwise occur when the making wire leaves the stuff chest, particularly if the making wire should leave the stufl chest at an angle.

The stuff which. does not flow beneath the plate out horizontally over the wire may pass up through the opening 34 and may flow over the partition plates 23 and 25 and out over the slice 26 which controls the elevation of stuifin this chamber. From the slice 26 the stufi may flow out through the outlet 53. The upwardlyturned flange 3! prevents the stufl from flowing out on the making wire above the plate 30 as the slice 26 cannot be raised above the top of the flange 3 i.

Having thus described our method for making paper, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the method may be carried out with various types of apparatus without departing from the scope of our invention as set forth in the appended claim.

What we claim as our invention and desire to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

A method of forming a sheet of paper with moisture containing stufl which comprises div vidi'ng a viscous flow of stufl into a plurality of confined shallow streams, each of which is subdivided into a plurality of streams of less'width shallow streams after another into contact with a support while drawing moisture therefrom.

GEROULlD' '1'. LANE. WENDELL BU'I'I'ERFIELD. 

